This article draws out certain elements of a diagnosis of racism in Quebec in several sectors of social life on the basis of Quebec literature on this issue. It also discusses the extent of the effectiveness of institutional measures for combating racism and proposes courses of action with a view to their future orientation. The two moments of this analysis — assessment of the situation and proposal for the fight against racism — are linked by a hypothesis. Based on recent sociological analysis of the phenomenon in various contexts, the authors assume that racism is going through an important period of adaptation to democratic modernity and that the institutions which until now have succeeded in stemming racism no longer have a good grasp of its real issues. This mutation of racism is making it more complex to find effective means for controlling its effects. In the last section of the article, a broadened antiracist approach is proposed, one that is all the more important, the authors argue, inasmuch as it constitutes one of the weakest elements of the successive policies in the area of intercommunity and civic relations.